The effect of domestic violence on children with in the United Kingdom Essay

The effect of domestic violence on children with in the United Kingdom - Essay Example 149). However, the legal and policy response to these problems has operated upon a presumption that service provision for women who experience domestic violence is also sufficient to meet the needs of children and young people (Mullender & Morley, p. 2; Parkinson & The invisibility of children who experience domestic violence stems from an apparent reluctance on the part of researchers to conduct child-focused qualitative research on this issue (Mullender et al., p. 2). Consequently, few studies have engaged with children and young people about their experiences of domestic violence (but see NCH Action for Children, 2004; Hague et al., 1996; McGee, 2000; Mullender et al., 2002, Gorin, 2004). This is despite significant efforts in family and social policy research more generally to involve and consult directly with children and young people about their views and experiences (Hallett & Prout, 2003; Smart et al., 2001). As a national umbrella organisation, The Womens Aid Federation of England and Wales (WAFE) have been at the forefront of refuge provision for women and children who flee domestic violence. Refuges frequently accommodate women and children fleeing domestic violence not just from their local area but also from outside the area (Ball, p. 35). WAFE supports 270 refuge organisations and manages 567 safe houses across England and Wales (WAFE, 2001). However, the number of refuge places available today still falls short of the recommendation of the 1975 Select Committee on Violence in Marriage that there should be one family refuge place per 10,000 of the population (WAFE, 2001). Refuges have long struggled to attract enough central or local government funding to survive. Consequently, they have historically been funded from a variety of sources. These include local authority housing departments and social services departments, charities and trusts, housing

Research paper on William Hartnell and Tiburcio Vasquez

On William Hartnell and Tiburcio Vasquez - Research Paper Example As a student he was known for his fluency in English and Spanish. Life was good until he started seeking company stronger than himself. It is embedded in the psychology of a human mind to seek out friendships stronger than him. That’s when he found Anastacio Garcia, who happened to be the most notorious group of bandits known to California at the time. (Boessenecker, 68) Tiburcio Vasquez was an audience and sometimes the participant to various notable slayings. Whether he was involved or not is a moot topic for discussion. Some people believe that he chose exile over imprisonment and punishment while other are of the view that he did it for the best interest of his country. According to his supporters he took part in those violent actions against North Americans who threatened the safety of Mexican Americans. His partnership with Garcia ended after the bandit was killed in the person. That’s when he took to the road, kept moving from place to place but fate could be outrun only for so long. He ended up in the prison only to break out of it in a rogue manner that took the lives of many of his fellow prisoners. For some time he led the life of a normal innocent man but later his addiction to crime revealed itself in the most horrific manner there could be. He took recourse to theft, heinous murder, rape and many other crimes for which he soon smelled the prison air yet again. Wherever there were bodies with hands tied behind their backs and face down, was a site visited by Vasquez. Human beings are astonishing creatures some are mad optimists while others are suicidal pessimists. Some people mostly Mexican Americans emulated him. They thought he was a blessing in disguise that had the brevity to stand up against North American penetration. As a student he was brilliant and had inherited a fair share of property which meant there was no real need for theft and other crimes he was charged for. They also believe

A Mnemonic Device Can Be Used

A Mnemonic Device Can Be Used The beginning development of mnemonic starts with a poet named Simonides of Ceos in fifth century B.C. This mnemonic invented by the Greeks for memory training around 2500 years ago. The Greek lyric poet Simonides, born in 556 B.C., is attributed with inventing mnemonics. His creation have great benefit thought us, many people success is because using this mnemonic method. There do many types of mnemonics device exist and which type works best is limited only by the imagination of each individual learner. Here are the 9 basic types of mnemonics device presented in this paper include Music, Name, Expression/Word, Model, Ode/Rhyme, Note Organization, Image, Connection, and Spelling Mnemonics. Mnemonics are memory devices that help learners remember larger pieces of information, especially in the form of lists like characteristics, steps, stages, parts, phases, etc. Mnemonics device try to transform information into a form that the human brain can remember better than its original form. Although the process of applying this transformation might already aid the transfer of information to long-term memory but this is still benefit to learner. The mnemonic device commonly practice for lists and in auditory  form, such as short poems,  acronyms, or memorable phrases, but mnemonics can also be for other types of information and in visual or kinesthetic forms. This device use is based on the examination that the human brain more easily remembers many form of information. In our daily, we have to remember everything. In school, we have to remember all the knowledge about subject; in workplace, we have to remember all the information about our task, in order to remember this entire thing we have to find out what method can enhance our memory. In my example, I am hardly to spell mnemonic, so I use the concept of mnemonic device and create my word, which is Mnemonic Notes Effective Memorized on New Ideas Creativity. From my creation, I know that every first letter for every word is Mnemonic. Using this method, we not only can spell out those difficult words and also can remember it. Mnemonic device play an important role in our daily life, although it is important, it still has their limitations or advantages and disadvantages. For the advantage of mnemonic devices is it provide a method to help us recall those information which is difficult to remember. Moreover, it involve rearranging or restructuring information that help our personalize information to become a smart learner. Other than that, it also increases our interest to study by creating my way to learn with information. Lastly, mnemonic devices will help us spend less time on retrieving our information in long term memory when we properly use it. Beside advantages, mnemonic devices also have some limitation. If a person uses mnemonics too frequently, he or she will have confusion on their learning process. For example, we use mnemonic to remember difficult word, but he or she who too extensively using mnemonic will use this method on every word no matter the word is difficult or not. This problem will occur on those who too rely on mnemonics. In addition, this mnemonic device need more time to practice, create and learn. If someone still cannot understand the practice, which mean that he or she is just wasting time to practice it. For the 9 basic types of mnemonics, for the first device that I will introduce is the Music Mnemonics. We will remember the song lyric rather than a reading of poem is because of adding music for the word. The same method we remember the lyric, we can use or practice on our academics. Music can help us recall important detail to main idea and leaner made out a song is just for remember a list of items. In business sector, they also use this device to let customer remember their product when purchasing. For example, McDonald fast food is using a short song to stronger their brand on customer mind, which is Ba Ra Ba Ba Ba, Im lovin it. I am sure that when this music occurs, everyone will know is McDonald. Besides that, we had been practice this device since we are children, which the ABC song. We know that let children remember all this alphabets is very difficult them, so teacher will teach the children this ABC song to let them easily remember all this 26 alphabets. So that using this method, we know the children directly learning all 26 alphabets. In addition, not only on alphabetical, other children are using this method to remember the street name. For example, the children of Japan, Kyoto is using this method to remember their street name in Kyoto. The song is Kyo no tori uta, which is The song of streets in Kyoto. This song purposely is to make people easier to memorize the streets in Kyoto. Continuously, the following mnemonic device will be the Name Mnemonic. This method is using every first letter of each word in a list of item transform to a person name. For example, the color of spectrum is quite difficult for we know the arrangement, so using this method we take every first letter of each word which is, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet, transform to a person name, Roy G. Biv. Third type of mnemonic devices will be the Expression or Word Mnemonic. This device is most popular mnemonic and widely be used. It is taking the first letter of each word in a list is arranged to form a phrase or word. In other word, it is quite similar with Name Mnemonic and the only different will be one is arrange to form people name and other one is arrange to form a word or phrase. For example, in English, the seven coordinating conjunction which are For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So. We take every first letter for each word and become FANBOYS. This is very easy to remember the English coordinating conjunction as FANBOYS rather than remember all the seven word. Moreover, in mathematics, we can remember the metric system prefixes by using this method. The metric system prefixes from largest to smallest will be the Kilo, Hecto, Deka, Base, Deci, Centi, Milli. As we transform to a phrase can be King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk. Compare to the original, we know that after t ransform, the metric system prefixes is more easily to remember and it is more funny compare to before.

Donald Johanson :: essays research papers fc

Donald Johanson Donald Johanson was born in Chicago in 1943, the son of Swedish immigrants. His father died when he was two, and his mother moved to Hartford, Connecticut, where he developed an interest in anthropology from a neighbor who taught the subject. Although he initially studied chemistry at university, he eventually switched majors to anthropology, and worked during summers on archeological digs. He transferred to Chicago to study under F. Clark Howell for his graduate studies, doing a comprehensive study on chimpanzee dentition for his doctoral thesis. In 1970 and 1971 he visited Africa to do field work at Omo in Ethiopia. In 1972, he and some colleagues went on a short exploratory expedition evaluate the Afar Triangle region of Ethiopia. They were impressed by its promise, and planned a full-scale expedition the following year. Back in the USA, Johanson completed his Ph.D. and started a teaching position at Case Western Reserve University.(Johanson) In 1973 he discovered AL 129-1, a small but humanlike knee, and the first knee known from the hominid fossil record. The following year, Johanson and Tom Gray discovered an even more spectacular find, AL 288-1, a partial skeleton of a female australopithecine better known by its nickname of Lucy. (Farah-Karls, 21). In 1975 there was yet another major find when his team found a collection of fossils at a single site that was nicknamed the First Family. In 1976, more hominid fossils were discovered, along with stone tools, which, at 2.5 million years, were the oldest in the world. After 1976, political conditions in Ethiopia prevented further expeditions for nearly 15 years.(Johanson). Johanson, who in 1974 had become a curator at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, now tackled the task of analyzing the fossils with the aid of Tim White, a young but highly regarded scientist who had just finished his Ph.D. Johanson had originally thought that the Hadar fossils were a mixture of Homo and Australopithecus specimens, but White eventually convinced him that all of them belonged to just one species. In 1978 they named that species Australopithecus afarensis.(Johanson). In 1981, Johanson founded the Institute of Human Origins, a non-profit research institution devoted to the study of prehistory. In 1987, the IHO was given permission to conduct an expedition to Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, and found a partial skeleton, OH 62, which is generally attributed to Homo habilis.

Political campaigns Essay

Political campaigns also provide much to reflect and think upon. They are also vastly entertaining particularly as the gloves come out and opposing parties start to play for keeps. Campaign ads are a powerful tool to cast yourself in a specific way, like trustworthy, honourable, and ready to get things done. However they can also be used to make your opponent look foolish, incompetent etc. A well written and developed add can be very affective no matter the content but some ads just go above and beyond. My favourite political add from 2006 was the Western for Bill Richardson for Governor. This ad is a particular favourite not for who was running but for the creativity of the ad. What is more American than a western? The commercial is quintessentially American. Sheriffs are naturally portrayed as being honest, trustworthy, brave, ready to right wrongs, ready to fight. Just by portraying Bill Richardson as the sheriff all of these virtues are implied without having to even mention them. It is a great parallel that some of Richardson’s accomplishments mesh with traditional sheriff duties such as jailing of violent criminals. Not only is the western traditional and symbolic but the humour that is displayed at the end just adds to the campaign. It shows that Richardson is not afraid to have fun and laugh at himself a bit. After all what sheriff would walk into a saloon and ask for milk. In the old days that would be the beginning of a fight right then and there. This commercial was particularly well done. It told an interesting story particularly in pictures and it played to Richardson’s strengths. It is a traditional campaign move to attack your opponents and display them in a negative like but I appreciate how Richardson keeps the focus on himself. After all if you are trying to promote yourself the best way is to show your strengths. Someone will display the opposition’s weakness; it always happens so why not try to have some fun. This political add looked like a lot of fun and I am sure Richardson had a lot of fun making it.

Is It Time to Revive Nuclear Power? Essay

1. Many professors, scientists, researchers, and even governments, have been debating over the issue on the use of nuclear power as a main energy source. In Taking Sides, two authors who are highly narrow-minded state their debates on this critical issue. Allison MacFarlane, author of â€Å"Nuclear Power: Panacea for Future Energy Needs?†, believes that nuclear power should be revived. She argues that nuclear power will provide sufficient energy, while at the same time reducing carbon dioxide emissions. On the other hand, professor Kristin Shrader-Frechette, author of â€Å"Five Myths About Nuclear Energy†, argues that nuclear power is too expensive and unsafe for the environment, when there are renewable energy sources that are better for the environment and economy. I agree with Shrader-Frechette because she proves the five myths about nuclear energy wrong using extremely valid arguments, which exist to prove that nuclear power is not the best option for an energy sou rce in our society. Background 2. In â€Å"Small Recactors Make a Bid to Revive Nuclear Power†, the Obama Administration and the Energy Department are working on making America the leader in advanced nuclear technology and manufacturing (Biello 2012). They are considering switching the large reactors, which are currently the predominant technology, to small reactors, which will save money. These reactors would contain enough power to power more than 200,000 U.S. homes for a year (Biello 2012). This strategy will cause less nuclear waste and will increase safety issues as well. In another article, â€Å"Time to revive, not kill, the nuclear age†, it is stated that a world without nuclear power would be less secure. Neither fossil fuels nor renewable resources will be able to replace the 14 percent of global electricity generated by nuclear reactors (Financial Times 2011). This article sides with MacFarlane by saying the Chernobyl accident was bad, but since then things have improved. The majority of the existing reactors were built a long time ago, and the ones that were recently built, have many more safety features, such as passive cooling systems to prevent overheating, which will greatly reduce safety risks. It is agreed that there is much more research needed, but reviving nuclear power is necessary in order for energy security. Argument For Nuclear Power 3. Allison MacFarlane argues that nuclear power is necessary and that it is nowhere near as bad as everyone thinks, and that it is actually very efficient. She believes that nuclear reactors do not emit carbon dioxide, and that this is a major advancement in technology. She states that there are two pathways for handling the spent nuclear fuel generated by power reactors: the open cycle and closed cycle. The costs associated with the construction of new nuclear reactors may be the main reason for the inhibiting of the global expansion of nuclear power. She says that although nuclear power can be our main source of power, and very efficient, it will take many years before a considerable number of new plants are licensed and built. 4. Allison MacFarlane argues that nuclear reactors do not emit carbon dioxide to produce electricity because their fuel is uranium-based. Nuclear power saved about 13 percent of annual emissions of Carbon dioxide, meaning that by 2050 emissions could be reduced by 15-25 percent. Since the Chernobyl accident in 1986, the overall global safety record has been good, even though there have been some problems. The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty guarantees that countries that do not have nuclear weapons are allowed nuclear energy technology, which is a great form of security for these countries. The open and closed cycles have been effective so far in containing the nuclear waste, and hopefully will continue in the future. 5. Although nuclear power does not emit carbon dioxide directly, nuclear power is not emission free. Carbon dioxide is emitted during nuclear power production, during the mining, milling, and fuel fabrication processes. No countries have opened a high-level nuclear waste disposal facility, so all of the nuclear waste is currently sitting in storage facilities. If nuclear power expands, these high-level wastes will increase. A catastrophic nuclear accident could result in compensation costs of hundreds of billions of dollars, and currently 236 of the 436 operating reactors are not even covered by liability conventions. Nuclear power is very expensive compared to other power sources, which is the biggest issue standing in the way of reviving nuclear power. Argument Against Nuclear Power 6. Kristin Shrader-Frechette argues that nuclear power is clearly not the best option as a power source for many reasons. She busts the five myths about nuclear power believed by many people. She gives valid reasons to support her position opposing nuclear power. She talks about how nuclear power is unclean, expensive, unnecessary to address climate change, unsafe, and how it will increase the proliferation of weapons. 7. This whole argument, in my opinion, is strengths, minus a few minor points. Although MacFarlane states that nuclear reactors do not emit carbon dioxide, Shrader-Frechette argues that the nuclear fuel cycle has eight other stages that do release greenhouse gases. Nuclear power generates at least 33 grams of carbon-equivalent emissions for each kilowatt-hour of electricity produced. Nuclear wastes are stored at Nevada’s Yucca Mountain, which poses severe problems for the future. As high-level radioactive wastes increase, the availability of storage space decreases, and exposure rises. Exposure to nuclear waste can likely cause fatal cancer, which risks are very high for. 8. The weaknesses of Shrader-Frechette’s argument are very scarce in my opinion. She discusses the emissions of carbon dioxide, stating that they are much higher than most people think, but MacFarlane stated that they are working on reducing them, and it will take many years before anything is set in stone. Per kilowatt-hour, Shrader-Frechette states that atomic energy produces only one-seventh the greenhouse emissions of coal. She believes nuclear power is not clean, however this statistic is in favor of reviving nuclear power by stating an opposing fact. Weighing the Arguments 9. I agree with Kristin Shrader-Frechette in just about every aspect. She gives amazing facts and statistics to support her argument against the revival of nuclear power. The five myths supporting nuclear power are all false. Nuclear power is not clean due to the greenhouse gas emissions during the nuclear fuel cycle. The government is providing way too much money to fund nuclear power, when there are cheaper, safer energy sources to fund. Also, nuclear energy will definitely increase the use and proliferation of weapons around the world, which I believe will lead to more war. Conclusion 10. I sided with Kristin Shrader-Frechette because of her brilliant proof of her argument, which proved the five myths about nuclear energy wrong. Allison MacFarlane argued that nuclear power should be revived because carbon dioxide emissions are reduced, safety has improved since the last major incident, and the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty provides more security for nuclear power. Shrader-Frechette argued that there are more carbon dioxide emissions from the nuclear fuel cycle, the government is spending too much money funding nuclear power when they should be funding wind or solar power since they are cheaper and safer, and the use and proliferation of weapons will increase. Both authors have sound arguments; however I feel that Shrader-Frechette’s is more valid and will make the economy and environment better in the end. Bibliography Biello, D. (2012). Small reactors make a bid to revive nuclear power. Scientific American, Retrieved from http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=small-reactors-bid-to-revive-nuclear-power. Financial Times. (2011). Time to revive, not kill, the nuclear age. Financial Times, Retrieved from http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/f0321fb4-6e9a-11e0-a13b-00144feabdc0.html. MacFarlane, A. (2012). Nuclear power: A panacea for future energy needs?. In T. A. Easton & T. College (Eds.), Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Science, Technology, and Society (pp. 82-88). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Shrader-Frechette, K. (2012). Five myths about nuclear energy. In T. A. Easton & T. College (Eds.), Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Science, Technology, and Society (pp. 89-94). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Free Essays on Fear Of Flying

How Lauren may have learned of her Fear of Flying? How Lauren learned she had a fear in flying? Using the Classical Conditioning theory the possibilities could be endless. Classical conditioning in simple terms is the method in which one determines why and the cause of a condition as well as what has brought it about. There are many stimulus both conditioned and unconditioned that can cause fear or other problems, but the major reason for causes regarding the fear of flying has been mentioned in several articles regarding anxiety disorders. Fear of flying is created by the unconscious mind as a protective mechanism. When using the neutral stimulus explanation, Lauren may not have had a relevant response of interest. Lauren may have learned something or heard someone from her past that caused the continuous fear. Due to the facts in this case, there’s little information to provide us regarding Lauren. First we know she’s afraid to fly, but we have no further information regarding the condition that caused the fear or the circumstances to what led to this fear. The first step in Pavlov’s theory is trying to discover how Lauren’s fear came about, but without more information one can only speculate or guess how Lauren’s condition developed. Pavlov’s theory states several actions and read actions that could have caused Lauren’s Condition. The conditioning of the plane could be neutral stimulus, and the activities on the plane is the unconditioned stimulus. During conditioning of the plane is the neutral stimulus, which is paired with the activities on the plane that is the unconditioned stimulus to produce the unconditioned response, that produces the fear that Lauren has when she is on the plane. After conditioning the neutral stimulus the plane has now become a conditioned stimulus and it produces a conditioned response that is similar to the unconditioned response. This means that Lauren’s fear now ... Free Essays on Fear Of Flying Free Essays on Fear Of Flying How Lauren may have learned of her Fear of Flying? How Lauren learned she had a fear in flying? Using the Classical Conditioning theory the possibilities could be endless. Classical conditioning in simple terms is the method in which one determines why and the cause of a condition as well as what has brought it about. There are many stimulus both conditioned and unconditioned that can cause fear or other problems, but the major reason for causes regarding the fear of flying has been mentioned in several articles regarding anxiety disorders. Fear of flying is created by the unconscious mind as a protective mechanism. When using the neutral stimulus explanation, Lauren may not have had a relevant response of interest. Lauren may have learned something or heard someone from her past that caused the continuous fear. Due to the facts in this case, there’s little information to provide us regarding Lauren. First we know she’s afraid to fly, but we have no further information regarding the condition that caused the fear or the circumstances to what led to this fear. The first step in Pavlov’s theory is trying to discover how Lauren’s fear came about, but without more information one can only speculate or guess how Lauren’s condition developed. Pavlov’s theory states several actions and read actions that could have caused Lauren’s Condition. The conditioning of the plane could be neutral stimulus, and the activities on the plane is the unconditioned stimulus. During conditioning of the plane is the neutral stimulus, which is paired with the activities on the plane that is the unconditioned stimulus to produce the unconditioned response, that produces the fear that Lauren has when she is on the plane. After conditioning the neutral stimulus the plane has now become a conditioned stimulus and it produces a conditioned response that is similar to the unconditioned response. This means that Lauren’s fear now ...

African American Immigration Essays

African American Immigration Essays African American Immigration Essay African American Immigration Essay Essay Topic: The Bean Eaters African American Immigration Victoria L. Knight Axia College of University of Phoenix CRT 125 Cultural Diversity Ms. Sandra Collins April 12, 2007 African American Migration New Societies, new people, and new communities usually originate as a result of migration. People decide to move from one place to another for better opportunities, better lives, and new challenges. This remains true for the African American race as well. It has been believed that the original migration took place in 1619 when African Americans arrived to Jamestown, Virginia. However, the first African Americans migrated to the United States almost a century earlier in the 1500’s coming from Mexico and the Caribbean to the Spanish territories of Florida, Texas, and other parts of the South. African-American Migration Experience Though many migrated to the U. S. voluntarily, most African Americans were victims of massive enslavement. War, slave raiding, kidnapping and political religious struggle accounted for the vast majority of Africans deported to the Americas. African Americans were forced into slavery. Many children were kidnapped and sold as slaves. There were those of which who rebelled by refusing to be enslaved that would be expelled from their homes and families then either murdered or forced to be slaves. Slavery developed because the Northern Africans had a monopoly over spices, gold, and other commodities that the Europeans wanted. Europe would send ships back and forth to Africa to trade goods and in the process they were able to grow comfortable with navigating the seas. As a result, Europe was able to develop very good shipbuilding skills that in turn led to the sending of large vessels. That moved the Portuguese to add an additional commodity to their cargo: African men, women, and children. The Portuguese then used African Americans as slaves to work their sugar plantations. Over time English and Dutch ships preyed on the Portugal vessels for slaves, while raiding and looting the African mainland. Slaves were brought to the United States of America during the triangular trade. Ships were built to handle a maximum of 350 people, but Europeans would transport over 800 men, women, and children under some of the harshest conditions. Slaves would be branded, stripped naked during the entire trip, lying down in the midst of filth, all while enduring unbearable heat. All slaves went through frightening, incredibly brutal and dehumanizing experiences. Women and children were raped for the pleasures of the crew. The sick were tossed overboard unto the sea. People who tried to starve themselves to death were forced to eat by the torturing of scolding hot coal pressed onto their bodies. African-American Migration Experience Those who survived the Middle Passage arrived to America only to encounter more grief. They were sent to plantations and farms for agricultural duties. They were used for mining, and placed in towns as servants. In South Carolina and Georgia they grew rice, cotton, and indigo. In Louisiana they slaved over sugarcane plantations. They labored over tobacco farms in Virginia and Maryland. This went on until 1808 when the United States abolished its slave trade from Africa. However, slave trade went on unabated until 1860. In 1898 the boll weevil ate its way through Texas and proceeded to eat its way East across the South. The cotton was destroyed and slaves were thrown off of the land. After WWI there was an economic boom that resulted in the need for agricultural work, but unfortunately most states in the South passed the Jim Crow laws that discriminated against African Americans and led to segregation. African Americans couldn’t attend the same schools as white Americans. They couldn’t use facilities such as restaurants, theaters, hotels, cinemas, and public baths. Public transportation was also segregated and in some states marriage between white and black people. African Americans were at the mercy of landlords, abusive employers, and almost anyone set on depriving them of their rights. This went on until president Franklin D. Roosevelt was forced to issue an executive order mandating the end to racial discrimination. The Fair Employment Practices Committee was created to enforce this mandate, which acted as the launching pad that would bare dividends in the future. Riots erupted in 1943, leading to beatings, deaths, and arrest. African American then resulted to boycotts and sit-ins during the Civil Rights movement. As a result, the Supreme Court reversed the separate but equal doctrine in 1954, ruling in Brown v. Board of Education. There was also the 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act that signaled an attack on Jim Crow. The African-American Migration Experience This report reveals the enormous amount of pain, grief, and violence suffered by my ancestors during slavery. I am so appreciative to all those people who marched, boycotted, and endured the pain and suffering so that my children and I could have the freedom to eat in any restaurant, sleep at any hotel, drink water out of any fountain, and go to school to get a good education. I may not be able to relate culturally to the ethnic group that I have written about because I am way too young, but that doesn’t change the fact that I recognize what they fought and stood for and I plan to make sure that my children are taught the history of how African Americans migrated to the United States, and what they went through to get here. References In Motion. The African-American Migration Experience. Retrieved April 9, 2007, from inmotionaame. org/home. cfm

Categories of drivers Essay Example for Free

Categories of drivers Essay Since the start of road transportation, there have been drivers of the varied kind. The modes of transportation changed from horses or horse driven carts to cars but these set of drivers have always remained since then. Drivers of automobiles can be categorized into three categories teenage drivers, old drivers which mainly comprises of senior citizens and drunk or substance abusive drivers. The safety on the road of a person is basically depended on the kind of driving one does. A person’s skill to drive depends upon a certain set of factors due which he gets categorized. Teenage drivers who use automobiles are mostly adrenalin driven and have a habit of being impatient on roads. Teenagers with attitude problems can indulge in major road mishaps and can cause severe damage to themselves along with the innocent car drivers on the road. A teenager cultivates his driving skills by looking at his parents or guardians and later on the pressure of his per group plays a massive factor in driving. It has been estimated about sixty five percent of passengers have had fatal injuries due to the reckless driving of an immature teenager. The habit of risk taking or trying to create impressions on their peer groups more often than not result in deadly crashes. If apart from impulsive behavior, a teenager also does any kind of alcoholic or drug abuse, then the combination of impulsive behavior with substance abuse not only makes them dangerous on the road, but also they risk of having the worst kind of crashes possible on road. As we age our reflexes and our ability to make life saving maneuvers also go down. This is a problem with all the old aged drivers in the world. These old drivers in their experience have a perfect mentality to drive safe, but because of ageing lots of occurrences physically take place like loss of good vision, or their loss of their ability for quick response time. These drivers won’t commit mistakes on purpose and would have a thinking of driving at lower speeds with an intention of attaining maximum safety. How much ever these drivers have good intentions, any physical bustle can cause them to crash anytime which sometimes makes a risky commodity on the road. The worst kind of a driver however is a driver who abuses alcohol or any substance and then drives a set of wheels. These are the kind of drivers who irrespective of their age which can comprise from being a teenager to being a senior citizen have the ability to kill and get killed depending on the amount of alcohol or drug they have consumed. These drivers knowing that they are not in right condition risk everyone’s life around and are equivalent of a deadly weapon on the road, as it become highly unpredictable about when they would crash and cost someone their lives. The following evidence will show the risk taken by these drivers and the amount of crashes that can take place because of their carelessness: ‘Nearly half a million people are injured in alcohol-related crashes each year. More than 15,786 of them die. That’s one death every 33 minutes. In 2000 in Kansas, 2,469 people were injured in alcohol-related crashes. That’s more than six persons injured each day’ (Courtesy: Kansas Department of Transportation, â€Å"Types of drivers†. Retrieved on November 24, 2008 from http://www. ksdot. org/burTrafficSaf/sns/Presentation/types. asp) It can only be understood that a safe and a good driver should always maintain patience while driving, as a small move from any of the three categories discussed above can cause them their lives for no fault of their own. Reference: 1) Kansas Department of Transportation, â€Å"Types of drivers†. http://www. ksdot. org/burTrafficSaf/sns/Presentation/types. asp Categories of drivers. (2016, Sep 04).

Art People Gallery Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Art People Gallery - Essay Example The variety of artwork includes oil on canvas, impressionism, Acrylic, Mixed Painting, Sculpture, traditional, modern multimedia, Water-based, Surrealism, Water ColPaintinglism, mixed drawings, Figurative art, Pencil colored and Realism. Such a tremendous variety catches the attention of many people as they visit the art gallery is n huge numbers. The mission of the art gallery is to revitalize the education of artwork to use interesting combinations of technologies instead of using the same abstract work. Creativity is the key to modern artwork and many artists realize this fact (Galenson, 76). They have developed skills to use software techniques with crafty handwork and versatile combination of colors to induce tremendous attraction for art lovers. The artwork is not limited to the images only; instead, modern software tools have increased the competition in creating unique videos multimedia images (Malchiodi, 28). Competitions are arranged on regular basis to see the amazing pieces of art from crafty people who work hard to make interesting images and videos. The art pieces displayed in the gallery are placed for selling to people. Half of the price is paid to the artist and another half for the commission. Plenty of artists are working for displaying their talents in the areas of artwork. They are around a hundred in the number who display their tremendous pieces of art here. The gallery features pictures from a variety of international artists. The most famous of them is Meamar Ali, who is famous in mixed painting and abstract work. His stylistic work is praised a great deal in the art gallery.

Analyzing the expected profits of two firms Assignment

Analyzing the expected profits of two firms - Assignment Example Through illustration, when the two companies decide in applying this strategy their equilibrium will be In this scenario, King Company and Babil Company both have a dominant option of advertising. No matter what Babil does, King Company will improve his promotion by advertising and vice-versa. However, something odd about the game it seems that the two companies will benefit more when they choose not to advertise. Instead of one gaining 300 and the other losing 80 and vice-versa, they could win 150 each. Therefore, the rational choice of mutual not advertising has a self-destructive flavor that is puzzling. In game theory concept the optimal outcome of the two firms is where no firm has incentives in deviating from the set advertisement strategies after the choice of the opponent is considered. Overall, no firm can receive an incremental benefit of altering actions, assuming the firms remain similar in the strategies. The Nash equilibrium will exists when no firm change their advertisement strategy, despite understanding the opponents strategy. Logically the two companies choose not to advertise and receive payoff of 150. If a person reveals the strategy of King to Babil and vice-versa, no firm will deviate from not advertising. Knowing the move of King, and do not change the behavior of the Babil, the outcome of the two companies not advertising represent the Nash

Reflective Practice Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflective Practice Statement - Essay Example DeFillippi believe that reflection is crucial to learning because it helps to convert "convert tacit experience into explicit knowledge" (p.6). Reflective practise, as a concept of learning, was introduced into several professions in the 1980s. The rationale behind it is that by thinking about things that have happened to us, in a different light, we gain more knowledge and a better perspective, which enable us to take some kind of action. It is therefore seen as an important process by which professionals "learn from experience in order to understand and better develop their practice" (Jasper, 2003, p.2). The concept of learning from reflection was a product of the work of several educational theorists; one important figure in this regard is Dewey (1938) who argued that 'we learn by doing and realising what came out of what we did'. However, this theory has seen severally modified and developed by contemporary theorist. One of such is the 'experiential learning theory' developed by Kolb in the 1980s, where he drew our attention to the fact that, when we attempt to learn from something that has already happened to us, we ne ed to recall our observation of the events and then reflect on the observation in some way (p.3). This theory was the perhaps the first to demonstrate the cognitive process of learning by particularly expressing the importance of critical reflection in learning. This theory stressed the fact that the main thrust of learning efforts lies in the manner in which we process experience and a major part of this, is our ability to critically reflect on experiences. Learning was described to occur in a cycle that "begins with experience, continues with reflection and later leads to action, which itself becomes a concrete experience for reflection" (Kelly, 2005). Kolb's work further refined the concept of reflection, as it applies to learning, and divided it into two separate learning activities, which he referred to as perceiving and processing (Algonquin, 1996). The perceiving stage is when the actual learning takes place, while processing is when such learning is re-appraised in the light of previous experiences. A third stage called 'Abstract Conceptualization', where it is believed that we try to find answers to the questions raised during the critical reflection stage. In this attempt, we make generalizations, draw conclusions and form hypotheses about the experiences; and the fourth stage 'Active Experimentation', where we try these hypotheses out, were further proposed (Kelly, 2005; Algonquin, 1996). In the words of Kolb, in the Abstract Conceptualization phase, "learning involves using logic and ideas, rather than feelings to understand problems or situations. Typically, we would rely on systematic planning and develop theories and i deas to solve problems." While in Active Experimentation, "Learning in this stage takes an active form - experimenting with, influencing or changing situations. We would take a practical approach and be concerned with what really works..." (Algonquin, 1996). Besides the experiential learning theory, the motivational theories also have great implications for reflection and learning. The importance and impact of motivation on human actions was first highlighted by the research now popularly known as the Hawthorne Studies, conducted by Elton Mayo from 1924 to 1932. In the

Zapp Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Zapp - Essay Example This is essential as it involves understanding the needs and issues that face other individuals. This principle can be applied in the sense that an individuals working as a team understands the concerns of the team members in order to work effectively and for the team or individuals within the team to be zapped. Through the process of understanding the concerns of other individuals effective measures are able to be applied in dealing with such concerns whenever they arise. Another important principle in Zapp that an individual may apply to zapp themselves involves asking for assistance in terms of problem solving. Whenever problems arise for instance within an organization an individual should engage other employees in the problem solving process. This is crucial as through seeking of assistance ideas, suggestions and information will be shared by the employees. Hence, in order for an individual to be zapped there should be sharing of information in relation to solving various issues within the organization as this will boost the morale of

Why engineering at FSU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why engineering at FSU - Essay Example The creation of the man – made environment and protection of the natural environs is ably assisted by civil engineering. As such, the latter is a combination of art and science, and much of the man – made environment owes its existence to this discipline. Civil engineers design, construct and maintain airports, bridges, tunnels, dams, and highways to name a few components of the constructed environment. Modern life is beset with several difficulties, like pollution, energy and potable water requirements, traffic congestion, community planning and urban redevelopment. These problems are overcome by the efforts of the civil engineers. In addition to this, civil engineers are responsible for the environment and social impact. Thus, the students of this discipline acquire proficiency in addressing intricate social problems. Moreover, they generally develop facilities that not only protect the environment but also promote the values held dear by the community. To my credit, I had procured an engineering internship for the 12th grade. This was due to, in no small measure, attributable to my fascination with engineering. An idea, the right implements and an indomitable will have produced unimaginably magnificent edifices. In addition to this I have been a member of Sigma Alpha Sigma for three years, and I have tutored all mathematics classes for three years in high school. This speaks volumes for my academic proficiency. I possess a keen analytic mind, which should be of great benefit in the field of engineering. Moreover, I have not neglected the development of my body. It has always been my firm belief that a sound mind subsists in a sound body. Thus, I participated with great enthusiasm in Volleyball and Soccer. My efforts in this area were rewarded with two varsity letters for Volleyball and one varsity letter for Soccer. I believe in the holistic approach to any problem. In fact, the

Reflective Practice Statement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Reflective Practice Statement - Essay Example DeFillippi believe that reflection is crucial to learning because it helps to convert "convert tacit experience into explicit knowledge" (p.6). Reflective practise, as a concept of learning, was introduced into several professions in the 1980s. The rationale behind it is that by thinking about things that have happened to us, in a different light, we gain more knowledge and a better perspective, which enable us to take some kind of action. It is therefore seen as an important process by which professionals "learn from experience in order to understand and better develop their practice" (Jasper, 2003, p.2). The concept of learning from reflection was a product of the work of several educational theorists; one important figure in this regard is Dewey (1938) who argued that 'we learn by doing and realising what came out of what we did'. However, this theory has seen severally modified and developed by contemporary theorist. One of such is the 'experiential learning theory' developed by Kolb in the 1980s, where he drew our attention to the fact that, when we attempt to learn from something that has already happened to us, we ne ed to recall our observation of the events and then reflect on the observation in some way (p.3). This theory was the perhaps the first to demonstrate the cognitive process of learning by particularly expressing the importance of critical reflection in learning. This theory stressed the fact that the main thrust of learning efforts lies in the manner in which we process experience and a major part of this, is our ability to critically reflect on experiences. Learning was described to occur in a cycle that "begins with experience, continues with reflection and later leads to action, which itself becomes a concrete experience for reflection" (Kelly, 2005). Kolb's work further refined the concept of reflection, as it applies to learning, and divided it into two separate learning activities, which he referred to as perceiving and processing (Algonquin, 1996). The perceiving stage is when the actual learning takes place, while processing is when such learning is re-appraised in the light of previous experiences. A third stage called 'Abstract Conceptualization', where it is believed that we try to find answers to the questions raised during the critical reflection stage. In this attempt, we make generalizations, draw conclusions and form hypotheses about the experiences; and the fourth stage 'Active Experimentation', where we try these hypotheses out, were further proposed (Kelly, 2005; Algonquin, 1996). In the words of Kolb, in the Abstract Conceptualization phase, "learning involves using logic and ideas, rather than feelings to understand problems or situations. Typically, we would rely on systematic planning and develop theories and i deas to solve problems." While in Active Experimentation, "Learning in this stage takes an active form - experimenting with, influencing or changing situations. We would take a practical approach and be concerned with what really works..." (Algonquin, 1996). Besides the experiential learning theory, the motivational theories also have great implications for reflection and learning. The importance and impact of motivation on human actions was first highlighted by the research now popularly known as the Hawthorne Studies, conducted by Elton Mayo from 1924 to 1932. In the

Why engineering at FSU Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why engineering at FSU - Essay Example The creation of the man – made environment and protection of the natural environs is ably assisted by civil engineering. As such, the latter is a combination of art and science, and much of the man – made environment owes its existence to this discipline. Civil engineers design, construct and maintain airports, bridges, tunnels, dams, and highways to name a few components of the constructed environment. Modern life is beset with several difficulties, like pollution, energy and potable water requirements, traffic congestion, community planning and urban redevelopment. These problems are overcome by the efforts of the civil engineers. In addition to this, civil engineers are responsible for the environment and social impact. Thus, the students of this discipline acquire proficiency in addressing intricate social problems. Moreover, they generally develop facilities that not only protect the environment but also promote the values held dear by the community. To my credit, I had procured an engineering internship for the 12th grade. This was due to, in no small measure, attributable to my fascination with engineering. An idea, the right implements and an indomitable will have produced unimaginably magnificent edifices. In addition to this I have been a member of Sigma Alpha Sigma for three years, and I have tutored all mathematics classes for three years in high school. This speaks volumes for my academic proficiency. I possess a keen analytic mind, which should be of great benefit in the field of engineering. Moreover, I have not neglected the development of my body. It has always been my firm belief that a sound mind subsists in a sound body. Thus, I participated with great enthusiasm in Volleyball and Soccer. My efforts in this area were rewarded with two varsity letters for Volleyball and one varsity letter for Soccer. I believe in the holistic approach to any problem. In fact, the

Terminating the Patient-Provider Relationship Essay Example for Free

Terminating the Patient-Provider Relationship Essay Introduction Problem Overview With the advent of 21st century medical technology, health care procedures, ethical and legal considerations and scopes of practice among health care providers have become greatly complex. According to Servellen (1997), one of the most confronting issues of the modern provider-patient relationship is the often misunderstanding of accountability, responsibility and liability of care measures towards the patient (p.334). Legal considerations of providing care and duty of obligation of the provider towards the patients start when the health care professional enters into a relationship with a patient. However, the agreement of care relationship does not only require role of the provider. According to Scott, Ed and Scott (2005), compliance of the patient throughout the care procedures rendered by the provider is another significant component of caring process (p.162). In fact, providers include initial assessments on patient’s level of compliance prior to the start of care process, and more importantly, health professionals inform the patient about the written policy imposing the responsibility of the patient to comply with the process of health care interventions. As considered by American Academy of Nurses, if the patient becomes noncompliant or initiates actions violating professional rights of provider or the patient’s rights, the provider possesses the benefit of terminating the working relationships as considered by the appropriate grounds (Scott, Ed and Scott, 2005 p.162). On the other hand, if the provider terminates the relationship, such professional decision now confronts the issue on breaching the pledged role of devoted care and legal duty of service. Termination of patient-provider relationships is confronted by question whether or not conflicts between the professional role of the provider and the legal duty to provide care (Servellen, 1997 p.334). The current implementations of patient care disengagement largely depend on the institutional policy. According to Scott, Ed and Scott (2005), â€Å"termination of the provider-patient relationship is justified when the patient makes a knowing, voluntary election to end the relationship, either unilaterally or jointly with the provider† (p.162). Upon signing the consent of care, both participants of the care process obtain their own roles in the entire procedure of care. Mason (2004) emphasizes that the professional relationship with the patient can just be terminated due to personal or other inappropriate grounds (p.307). Termination of care is only considered ethical and appropriate when (1) the patient has already reached the maximum benefit of the procedure as supported by clinician’s judgment, or (2) when the patient has already achieved cure from the procedure. However, termination of patient-care relationship on the ground of patient non-compliance imposes a conflict issue between duty of care and patient’s participatory role in the process of care delivery. As supported by Servellen (1997), the provider’s duties to the patient, involving a breach of duty, relates to the standards of practice for all health care professionals (p.334). According to Mason (2004), termination of patient care may result to a legal accusation of abandonment, which â€Å"is the discontinuation of an established patient-provider relationship† (p.307). According to AMA, a non-compliant patient is considered as a â€Å"difficult patient† and candidate for the reconsideration of patient-provider termination of care. However, termination of care must follow appropriate procedures without interfering the continuity of patient care. Terminating the patient care somehow conflicts with the element of maintaining the continuity of care. As explained by Carter, Levetown and Foley 2004), noncompliant patients under reconsideration of patient-care termination still possess the rights of continuous care until another health care reliever has been reassigned (p.120). Moscow (2004) points out that terminating patient care without proper reliever of care is automatically considered a liability against the established patient-provider relationship contract (p.120). According to Servellen (1997), despite the protective and patient-focused approaches of the provider, inevitable times wherein a provider is confronted with situations (e.g. DNR requests can sometimes impede to patient’s right of autonomy, etc.) that can possibly or actually impinge patient’s rights can still occur (p.335). According to American Hospital Association (AHA), the four basic consumer rights state that the (1) patient has the right to safety, (2) right to be informed, (3) right to choose, and (4) right to be heard (Servellen, 1997 p.335). Considering these components as part of the reconsiderations in the ethical discussion of patient-provider care termination, it is indeed inappropriate to terminate the relationship set prior to the start of the process. As mentioned by AMA, provision of care towards non-compliant patients is still under the governance of the elements of (1) health care provider’s duty to provide continuous care, (2) fulfilling the expectations of care for the patient, and (3) carrying out the obligations of care (Mason, 2004 p.307). Terminating the care relationship set during the formal contract establishment between the provider and patient is automatically considered a breach in the legal nature of such relationship. Such action is a considerable ground for the legal liability of abandonment. Despite the issue on termination of care, there are still possible grounds wherein a health care’s refusal to care can be considered appropriate. According to Servellen (1997), provider’s may terminate or refuse care process when (1) the procedure caries physical risks to either the provider or the patient, (2) rendered care violates patient’s rights to autonomy and self-determinations, and (3) religious or moral issues followed by either of the two parties (p.335).   According to Carter, Levetown and Foley (2004), the actual patient-provider relationship is founded on trust and relationship, and not merely on legal holds or set contracts (p.120). Considering this as a form of assertion to the later supporting principles of patient-provider relationship termination, the issue on role fidelity arises as another essential consideration aside from autonomy and the contractual-based patient-provider relationship. Carter, Levetown and Foley (2004) emphasize the value of adhering to the moral and professional role of the nurse, and not solely limiting the care provision on to the patient’s level of compliance (p.120). Guided by the principle of â€Å"patient’s best interest† and fidelity, Mezey and Berkman (2000) support the idea pointing out on the idealistic elements of nursing practice wherein professionals should consider their importance in administering care under holistic and universal perspective regardless of potentially solvable conflicts (p.502). Despite of the relationship established after the setting of contact, the provider needs to consider the nature of non-equalitarian partnership and not the coequal partnership; rather, leading, establishment of rapport and serving the best interests to as the patient as the care provider must all be considered.   As supported by Shamus and Stern (2003), patient-provider relationship imposes a duty of unauthorized disclosure of contract care process without appropriate grounds (p.74). The 1996 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) indeed protect the patients from such decisions brought by health care providers. However, compliance and sets of patient’s participatory obligations throughout the procedure count significantly on the entire health care delivery process (Shamus and Stern, 2003 p.74). Insurance of care does not only direct the obligations and tasks towards the provider but also from the patient. According to Earp, French and Gilkey (2007), patient-provider relationship is expected to work as an enhancing strategy for patient’s trust towards their health care provider. Furthermore, such relationship supports a therapeutic alliance and patient care processes involving high levels of trusts, rapport and patient satisfaction (p.195). By this principle, patients are indeed subjected to participate and cooperate in the process of health care delivery. However, in case the patient declines to participate, health care providers must not immediately terminate the procedure since they are no coequals of the patients and resistance towards care measures are sometimes inevitable. According to Rothestein, Brody and McCullough et al. (2001), health care providers must continuously administer care and interventions necessary for the well-being of the patient despite of the non-compliant behavior (p.620). In case the patient becomes notoriously incompliant to either selective or general procedures scheduled for administration, AMA suggests a series of assessment for the noncompliant behavior without involving one’s professional role outside the scope of care provision (Mason, 2004 p.307). Furthermore, the patient’s decision to not comply entirely depends on himself or herself; although, it is an important protocol consideration to check institutional policy for the proper consent documentation of such patient’s behavior. Most public institutions implement waiver signing when the patient refuses to take medications for example. According to Earp, French and Gilkey (2007), this is done for the purpose of formality and protection from possible accusations of abandonment or care quality infringements (p.195). On the other hand, when provider-patient relationship is not anymore pursuing its beneficial state or health care alliance status, AMA suggests the termination of health care management. As supported by Rubenfield and Scheffer (2006), the duty of the provider in relation to the physician-patient relationship includes (1) fulfilling the patient’s expected care, (2) carrying out the health care roles of the provider towards the patient, and (3) delivering care guided by the principles of fidelity and nonmalificence (p.96). If the provider has been determined to satisfy all these criteria, the duty to treat or provide care to the patient is indeed not violated. However, if the patient pursues his or her state of noncompliance despite of the standards of care being administered and the potential of further causing harm to one’s self, terminating the set provider-patient relationship is indeed justified. Nonetheless, as supported by the AMA Code of Ethics in 1998 Doc #1, p.5, â€Å"physicians cannot withdraw from a case without giving notice to the patient, the relatives, or responsible friends sufficiently long in advance of withdrawal to permit another medical attendant to be secured† (cited at Rothestein, Brody and McCullough et al., 2001 p.621). The health care provider is still tasked to service the patient until the reliever of care becomes available. Meanwhile, despite the legal recognitions in terminating the provider-patient relationship, the question still lies if whether or not the provider breaches his or her professional role as the higher component of the alliance considering the noncompliant state of the patient. Statement of the Problem The participation of both parties in the patient-provider relationship is an important consideration to the entire success of the health care delivery process. Once the provider accepts the task pf providing care to the patient, it is lawfully and professionally understood that the provider agrees to setup a transactional bond with the patient. According to AMA code of ethics, the setting of contract between the provider and the patient includes participatory roles from the two parties, and compliance to the higher participant of the alliance, the health care provider, must take the lead of health care management (Rothestein, Brody and McCullough et al., 2001 p.621). Added by Earp, French and Gilkey (2007), â€Å"patient-provider relationship is even ideally characterized by high levels of provider informativeness, interpersonal sensitivity and partnership building† (p.189). However, in some instances, patient may pose as the incompliant participant of the body system, which can greatly compromise the delivery of care as well as the role function of the provider. As emphasized by Servellen (1997), if the patient manifests a noncompliant behavior towards the care being provided by the assigned health care professional, the code of ethics should rather consider the termination of the bonded agreement than forcing the two participants to maintain their relationship since this can actually be detrimental to both patient’s health and provider’s role (p.336). Hence, termination of patient-provider relationship in relation to patient’s incompliant behavior can be possibly done via appropriate process of separation mandated by the institutional policies. It is important however to consider the validation of the provider’s claims followed by the written acknowledgement signed by the patient. After establishing an agreement of termination, the provider is expected to maintain the level of care being provided to the patient until the endorsement of the patient’s care to the assigned reliever. AMA has imposed significant abandonment liabilities once the provider terminates the established relationship without properly engaging to the set institutional policies. According to Rothestein, Brody and McCullough et al. (2001), terminating the established relationship between the provider and the patient without properly notifying, validating and documenting the said action will immediately resort to legal liabilities (p.621). Termination of patient-provider relationship must be laid down to the patient for recognition and prevention of legal accusation of abandonment. Despite the valid points and supporting rationales in terminating the patient-provider relationship, the issue still lies questioning the appropriateness of termination in relation to the ideal practice of role fidelity and duty of care. Due to this very reason, we have proposed a descriptive and non-experimental study analyzing the legal, ethical and moral nature of terminating the set patient-provider relationship. The objectives of the study proposed are as follows: To determine the ethical stand point of terminating patient-provider relationship in relation to the ideal principles of (a) duty of care and (b) role fidelity To determine the perceptions of the patients on the potential effects of terminating patient-provider relationship towards the level of trust and health care satisfaction Scopes and Limitations Due to the continuously evolving policies of health care system, changes in the patient-provider relationship have also evolved progressively. Despite the idealistic principles of fidelity and duty of care, health care providers still encounter inevitable instances wherein the client becomes non-compliant towards selective or general interventions implemented as part of the care process. According to Servellen (1997), instead compromising the care delivered to these patients, code of ethics have now reconsidered the procedure-based termination of patient-provider relationship to prevent the delivery of reluctant or incompetent care management due to patient’s incompliance (p.327). However, Carter, Levetown and Foley (2004) and Mezey and Berkman (2000) assert that terminating patient-provider relationship violate the principles of duty of care and role fidelity since it is always the task of the provider to carry-out the needs of the patient as guided by the principle of â€Å"patient’s best-interests† regardless of the patient’s response to health care. In this proposed study, the primary goal is to determine whether or not the ideal principles of health care (role fidelity and duty of care) are breached once the provider terminates the established relationship with the patient. At the end of the study, the following questions must be answered: What are the supported grounds for terminating patient-provider relations approved by AMA and AAN? Cite the legal, ethical and moral comparisons between the two policies. Does the health care provider breach the established relationship once he/she requested for termination due to incompliant behavior? Significance of the Study Despite the defined institutional policies supporting the process of termination, the issue on breached principles of health care still remains questionable. Federal health care organizations, such as AMA and AAN, have clarified the issue and process involving the termination of patient-provider relationship on the grounds of non-compliance and failure to adhere to the provider’s instructions. According to Servellen (1997), during the times of the HIV epidemic, termination of care is considered professionally inappropriate; hence, care provided towards these HIV patients became detrimental to the patient’s health due to the reluctance and exaggerated care measures implemented by these providers (p.327). The issue involving the termination of such established relationship covers both ethical and legal principles (e.g. role fidelity, duty of care, etc.) governing the pledged role of the provider and the assigned participatory role (e.g. patient’s rights, patient’s task of compliance, etc.) of the patient. Clarifying the care issues on the termination of patient-provider relationship is significant due to the following reasons: By understanding the limitations and defined grounds of terminating the patient-provider relationships, the study can aid in identifying the relationships of ethical principles that shall answer the confronting issue of patient-provider relationship By understanding the legal and ethical considerations on patient-provider relationship termination, the study can help in defining policy proposals on the proper procedures for implementing the termination of patient-provider relationship   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The conceptual framework of the study illustrates the proposed program of implementation addressing the issue on termination of patient-provider relationship. The conceptual framework is based from the primary goal of the study – to determine the standpoint of the termination of patient-provider relationship. By determining the subjective responses from two types of samples, patients and nurses (selected â€Å"provider† population), the procedure should be able to reveal the ethical justifications and oppositions on the subject of terminating patient-provider relationship due to noncompliance. After determining the collation of responses, the procedure analyzes the data in order to obtain significant relationships pertaining to the issue on breaching the principles of role fidelity and duty of care upon termination of such care contracts. Program Proposal f.1. Research Design   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study proposes a non-experimental and descriptively designed survey methodology as the program for analyzing the issue on termination of patient-provider relationship. Using the perception-based methodology, the study explores the different insights of the two parties involved – patients and nurses/ providers – in the issue targeted by the study. The proposed program utilizes open-ended questions depicting the different possible perspectives of the samples – approval, opposition, suggestive– towards the issue imposed. The design of the study relates to the patterns illustrated on the conceptual framework. The emphasis of the survey questions is derived from the primary goal of the study – to determine if whether or not the termination of patient-provider breaches the concept of role fidelity and duty of care.   The collated responses obtained from the survey are compared to the ethics analysis condu cted in the literary reviews. f.2. Samples and Sampling Technique Used   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The study aims to achieve the total target population of 100 patients and 100 nurses proportionately divided into two different sample hospital locales. Using a simple random sampling method, selection of patient respondents is guided by the following criteria: (1) 18 and above, (2) patients must be admitted within the hospital premises for at least two days, and (3) must be conscious and coherent. On the other hand, sampling criteria among nurses are as follows: (1) must be licensed professional, (2) must be employed and working within the hospital premises, (3) must have at least 2 years of nursing experience from the surveyed hospital locale or other institution. f.2. Data Gathering Procedure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Data gathering procedures shall be composed of two different methodologies: (a) ethics analysis conducted in the literary reviews and (2) survey methodology implemented on two groups of samples. Ethics analysis from the literature reviews comprise of the different ideas answering the ethical disputes on termination of patient-provider relationship. In the process of ethics analysis, the principles of role fidelity and duty of care involved in the issue are the emphasis of the analysis. The main objective of this procedure is to answer the ethical standpoints of the issue based on whether the termination violates the principles of role fidelity and duty of care. On the other hand, the second methodology deals with the perceptions answering the issue on breached principles of role fidelity and duty of care through the termination of patient-provider relationship. After gathering the results of the two data sources, the integration of data is conducted aiming to answer the primary goal of then proposed study. f.3. Instrumentation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Survey questionnaires are the primary instrument used for the gathering of data and responses from the qualified samples. The questions used have been derived from three categories inclined to the different possible responses of the respondents. Categories used include (1) approval, (2) opposition, and (3) suggestive. Using open ended-questions according to the four categories, the respondent must select their preferred side among the four categories. Approval selection depicts their positive response over the termination of patient-provider relationship, opposition is the reverse,   and suggestive implicates the possible changes they want. The results of the survey are collated for the purpose of analysis and implications of data. f.4. Program Implementations   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the process of implementing the proposed program for evaluation and assessment of the issue, methodologies shall comprise (a) ethics analysis via records review and (b) the qualitatively designed survey of the chosen sample population. Implementation process shall begin with the gathering of records and reviews on issues and bioethical discussions on termination of patient-provider relationship. In the process of analyzing the obtained data, the study shall document (a) the ethical principles associated to the termination issue, (b) the conflicting ethical principles, and (c) the violated ethical principles upon implementation of the issue. After gathering these three components, the data shall be analyzed drawing appropriate implications from the documentation acquired. With the acquired results from ethics analysis, we shall now relate these to the two principles – role fidelity and duty of care that are hypothetically breache d upon terminating patient-provider relationship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After the application of the second procedure, the survey methodology shall now begin its pilot study with a smaller sample population of at least 10 qualified respondents from the chosen research locales. During the process of pilot testing, the research processes involving the survey questions, respondent interaction, collation of data, analysis and interpretation of data shall be tested for validation and revision in case necessary. After the pilot study, the actual survey procedure shall commence targeting a population of 100 qualified respondents from each of the two hospitals chosen. Furthermore, 100 target samples from each institution shall be divided into two comprising of 50 qualified nurses and another 50 qualified patient respondents. The total sample population shall therefore be 200 qualified respondents.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After gathering the survey results using open-ended questions and simple random sampling technique, the results shall be collated according to the three categories of the questions used -(1) approval, (2) opposition, and (3) suggestive. The results shall be analyzed according to the data obtained from the records review. Implications associated to the ethical issue proposed (termination of patient-provider relationship) shall be drawn from the results of the interview. With the implications and analysis of the survey results, the next procedure integrates the study results from the records review and survey results to draw the general relationship between the perceptive study and theoretical ethical discussion on the issue proposed. Finally, the results drawn from the integration should answer the primary goal of the study.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1.5. PICO Analysis Table 1: P.I.C.O Analysis Population The main subjects concerning the research topic are the patients and associated providers, such as nurses and physicians. Program implementations involve similar sample groups as well (patients and nurses). Intervention Ethics analysis on patient-provider relationship utilizes the general overview of nursing and clinical care procedures (e.g. medication administration, wound care, etc.). On the other hand, the program implementation utilizes two interventions, specifically (a) Survey with corresponding questionnaires and (b) records analysis. Comparison Variable comparisons involve (a) patient perception versus (b) nurses perception on whether or not termination of patient-provider relationship violates the principles of duty to care and role fidelity. Outcomes Expected results of the study differentiate among the two parties involved. Nurses perceive the termination an ethical consideration under the basis of noncompliance and breach in the contract of relationship set prior to care delivery. Meanwhile, patients perceive the termination as an ethical breach since the tasks of the nurses must always comply with the duty to care and role fidelity. Conclusion In summary of this research proposal, we aim to determine the ethical standpoint of terminating patient-provider relationship on the grounds of patient incompliance despite the set agreement and principles governing the role of the health care provider. Since termination of patient-provider relationship has already been acknowledged by federal organizations (e.g. AMA, AAN, etc.), we determine if such termination of accounts on the basis of patient’s incompliance breaches the ethical principles of role fidelity and duty of care. In order to strengthen the ethics analysis of the issue, we have incorporated a descriptively designed survey method to obtain the perceptive response of both patients and nurses towards the imposed issue. After collating the results of the survey, the next step is to integrate the results obtained from the records review and from the survey conducted. References Carter, B. S., Levetown, M., Foley, K. M. (2004). Palliative Care for Infants, Children, and Adolescents: A Practical Handbook. London, New York: JHU Press. Earp, J., French, E. A., Gilkey, M. B. (2007). Patient Advocacy for Health Care Quality: Strategies for Achieving Patient-centered Care. New York, U.S.A: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Mason, J. (2004). Concepts in Dental Public Health. New York, U.S.A: Lippincott Williams Wilkin. Mezey, M., Berkman, B. J. (2000). The Encyclopedia of Elder Care: The Comprehensive Resource on Geriatric and Social Care. London, New York: Springer Publishing Company. Rothstein, M. A., Brody, B. A., McCullough et al., L. B. (2001). Medical Ethics: Analysis of the Issues Raised by the Codes, Opinions, and Statements. London, New York: BNA Books. Rubenfield, M., Scheffer, B. K. (2006). Critical Thinking Tactics for Nurses: Tracking, Assessing, and Cultivating Thinking to Improve Competency-based Strategies. New York, U.S.A: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Scott, R. W., Ed, N., Scott, W. (2005). Legal Aspects of Documenting Patient Care for Rehabilitation Professionals. New York, U.S.A: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Servellen, G. (1997). Communication Skills for the Health Care Professional: Concepts and Techniques. New York, U.S.A: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Shamus, E., Stern, D. (2003). Effective Documentation for Physical Therapy Professionals. New York, U.S.A: McGraw-Hill Professional.

Hong Kongs Economy Development

Hong Kongs Economy Development Hong Kong Economy 1. Introduction The development of a knowledge-based economy is a global trend. By 2003, Hong Kong was following this direction to transform into a knowledge-based economy. During this economic restructuring, Hong Kong was suffering from structural unemployment, marginal labour and mismatches of jobs. 2. The importance for HK to develop its human capital According to population’s statistic, the median age of the labour force increased from 34 in 1991 to 37 in 2001 due to ageing of the overall population and delayed entry into the labour force as a result of increased postsecondary educational opportunities. Unlike, increases in gross domestic product (GDP), increases in the quality of human capital show the extent to which development has reached the population. Investment in education that caters to the immediate needs of industry both foreign and domestic is essential. The educational system should also maintain the long-term goal of self-reliance and promoting programmes that create thinkers, innovator and entrepreneurs. Because of Hong Kong’s neighbours such as Singapore has already owned a completely human capital strategy for rising in competitiveness. So Hong Kong needs to optimize the economic structure and labour pool. Obviously, Hong Kong need invest to human capital to reinforce the strengths of its four main economic pillars finance, logistics, tourism and manufacturing services. The accumulation of human capital is an important contributor to economic growth. Although human capital takes at least eight years to mature and requires constant support, its returns are fundamental for improvement. Investment in human capital has proven successful in many developing nations. The attainment of education can contribute significantly to the generation of overall output in economy. The general finding is that more educated individuals tend to have higher employment rate and earnings and produce more output relative to those who are less educated. Moreover, education is deemed as an investment that enables individuals to be equipped with knowledge and skills that improve their employability and productive capacity. 3. The role of Government The role of the government should be establishing the enabling environment and that of the public and private sectors as active partners in the provision of the economic services. Collaboration between public and private sectors in the productive economy is an area where the optimal use of public and private sector resources can create added value for a society as a whole. 4. Best work together with Private and Public sectors The government should coordinate between the public and private sectors and give them some beneficial policy or regulation for their collaboration. Ideally, the collaboration between them should prefer use a project base. Moreover, the project should have a strong political commitment, open mindedness, clear responsibilities and the correct apportionment of risk for them. As a result, the private sector should cover the main commercial risks, including project completion risk, operating cost and market demand. However, the private sector may not be able to absorb the full market risk when it is not given direct access to the market. In these cases, long-term take or pay contracts with government may be required. Another partnership, a fine balance must be struck by the public sector between easing risk perceptions of private sector partners and maintaining sufficient incentives for the efficient private sector management of projects. 5. Hong Kong needs Managerial and Professional people During economic restructuring, the proportion of professionals, associate professionals, managers and administrators in the working population increased from 3 .7%, 10.5% And 9.4% respectively in 1991 to 5.9%, 16.2% and 11 .4% respectively in 2001. It represent that Hong Kong focus on develop its four economic pillars. Therefore, Hong Kong need many high-level people with managerial experiences in the fields of finance, tourism and logistic and manufacturing. Moreover, Hong Kong will also need professional to develop the high value-add industry such as software development and innovative multi-media. HK government also has the admission scheme to utilize the foreign talents and mainland’s professionals. 6. The advantages and disadvantages of the Admission of Talents Scheme and the Admission of Mainland Professionals Scheme The Advantage of two schemes Attract talents from outside Hong Kong with expertise and skills not readily available locally, who could enhance the competitiveness of the territorys economy as manufacturing or services centre, particularly in technology-based, knowledge intensive or high-value-added activities. Different country’s talent come to Hong Kong, it can make the Hong Kong has an international image. The disadvantage of two schemes If the government is wrong to evaluate the application and approve the talent or professional for admission into HK, it may affect the local job vacancy. The disadvantage of the Admission of Mainland Professionals Scheme Unlike talent schemes, the existing policy on entry of Mainland professionals was so restrictive that less than 600 Mainlanders were admitted under the Admission of Mainland Professionals Scheme in the past two years. 7. Hong Kong Long-Term Policy The following policies could be used to improve the quality of skills in the Hong Kong’s economy for long-term: 7.1 Education and Manpower Policy The HK government should continue to pursue extensive programmes to upgrade the educational attainment of population at all levels. At the same time, it also will promote and facilitate skills upgrading and life-long education. Especially, the low-level workers will need these programmes to enhance their skills to meet the changing demands of the economy. Consequently, HK government will adopt a strategic, responsive and coordinated approach to manpower planning and development. 7.2 Admission of Mainland Professionals and Talent The HK government should provide more flexibility and incentives to tertiary institutions to attract academics and students from the Mainland and overseas. Also, it may continue to improve arrangements for Mainland businessmen to visit Hong Kong for business-related purposes. To step up efforts to encourage Hong Kong people being educated overseas to return to live and work here. 7.3 Training and Other Needs of New Arrivals The HK Government should continue to provide and develop appropriate programmes to address the training needs of new arrivals of different age-groups and foster closer partnership between the Government and Non-governmental Organizations to identify and address the needs of new arrivals in HK. This helps to enhance the employment skills of new arrivals. 7.4 Investment Immigrants The HK government should extend the existing immigration policy to cater for persons who will make substantial investment (HK$6.5 million) in Hong Kong but do not themselves run a business i.e. capital investment entrants and to apply this extended policy initially to foreign nationals, residents of Macao SAR and Taiwan. 7.5 Policies Impacting on Childbirth The HK government should continue with current family planning programmes emphasizing healthy, Planned Parenthood. On the other hand, HK government also should encourage the citizens to bear child and consider to granting the same level of tax deduction for all children irrespective of number. 7.6 Elderly Policy The HK government should revisit and redefine the notion of retirement and old age and continue to develop programmes that promote active and healthy aging. As a result, it may develop a sustainable financial support system for the needy elderly. 7.7 Mobility of population The HK government should have some policies to enhance mobility of people, portability in welfare, education and housing entitlements should be introduced. Cross-border taxation should also be studied. 7.8 Portability of Benefits For longer term, the HK government should address the issue of portability of public benefits taking into account the pace of economic integration with the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and examine in detail the cost implications of portable benefits on the Government fiscal position and the local economy. 7.9 Reorganization of mainland universities The HK Government should recognize the qualification from the mainland universities. The mutual recognition of professional and academic qualification between Hong Kong and the PRD needs to be speeded up. More generally, standards between Hong Kong and the PRD should be harmonized through a benchmarking process. 8. Conclusion As Hong Kong developing into an innovative and knowledge-based society, Hong Kong was suffering from structural unemployment, marginal labour. Therefore, the HK government should have a series of population policies to improve Hong Kongs soft and hard infrastructure to meet the challenges of a knowledge-based economy. Moreover, this population policy will be designed to fit Hong Kongs long-term social and economic development, complement family requirements and address the interests of different sectors.

Issues Within the Discipline of Forestry :: Environment Conservation Growth Agriculture Paper

Issues Within the Discipline of Forestry The idea of forestry in the sense that we know it today is only about four hundred years old. Forestry developed mainly out of the need for a continual supply of wood products. There were a few forest reserves for hunting or preservation in Europe, but the idea of managing a forest for a number of resources is quite new. There are four stages that almost all societies have gone through when trying to develop this idea of forestry. The first stage has to do with the unregulated abuse of forest products to be used as energy, building supplies and also to be cleared to make way for agricultural land. This creates a kind of domino effect on forests everywhere. The overexploitation of regional forests means there will be a scarcity of products that are considered valuable, which in turn leads to the abuse of more outlying forests and the overexploitation of them and so on and so forth. In the United States this stage was seen with the colonization of America. Colonization began in the eas tern U.S. and as a result led to the destruction of forests there. People needed forest supplies to build their homes and farms, and when the regional forests were almost depleted they began taking resources from outlying forests (Kimmins, 1992). The U.S. prior to colonization had an estimated one billion acres of forested land. By the year 1900 that area had been reduced to 567 million acres (Berger, 1998, p.29). After this initial stage of carelessness is recognized there is a stage of regulation in order to make certain that the forests will be maintained for resources and other values. This is the point where the idea of forestry begins. Hamish Kimmins in his book Balancing Act: Environmental Issues in Forestry states this about the second stage, "It usually involves a centralized, authoritarian, non-ecological, administrative approach based on legislation and regulation rather than on a knowledge of how forests grow, how they respond to management, and how ecosystems function" (Kimmins, 1992, p.50). This administrative approach usually ends up failing, and there is recognition that management will only work if techniques that are in tune with the ecological characteristics of the area are taken into account. This stage was evident in the United States when the U.S. Bureau of Forestry was created in 1891 (Kimmins, 1992). The third stage is the promotion of an ecologically sound method to forestry. Issues Within the Discipline of Forestry :: Environment Conservation Growth Agriculture Paper Issues Within the Discipline of Forestry The idea of forestry in the sense that we know it today is only about four hundred years old. Forestry developed mainly out of the need for a continual supply of wood products. There were a few forest reserves for hunting or preservation in Europe, but the idea of managing a forest for a number of resources is quite new. There are four stages that almost all societies have gone through when trying to develop this idea of forestry. The first stage has to do with the unregulated abuse of forest products to be used as energy, building supplies and also to be cleared to make way for agricultural land. This creates a kind of domino effect on forests everywhere. The overexploitation of regional forests means there will be a scarcity of products that are considered valuable, which in turn leads to the abuse of more outlying forests and the overexploitation of them and so on and so forth. In the United States this stage was seen with the colonization of America. Colonization began in the eas tern U.S. and as a result led to the destruction of forests there. People needed forest supplies to build their homes and farms, and when the regional forests were almost depleted they began taking resources from outlying forests (Kimmins, 1992). The U.S. prior to colonization had an estimated one billion acres of forested land. By the year 1900 that area had been reduced to 567 million acres (Berger, 1998, p.29). After this initial stage of carelessness is recognized there is a stage of regulation in order to make certain that the forests will be maintained for resources and other values. This is the point where the idea of forestry begins. Hamish Kimmins in his book Balancing Act: Environmental Issues in Forestry states this about the second stage, "It usually involves a centralized, authoritarian, non-ecological, administrative approach based on legislation and regulation rather than on a knowledge of how forests grow, how they respond to management, and how ecosystems function" (Kimmins, 1992, p.50). This administrative approach usually ends up failing, and there is recognition that management will only work if techniques that are in tune with the ecological characteristics of the area are taken into account. This stage was evident in the United States when the U.S. Bureau of Forestry was created in 1891 (Kimmins, 1992). The third stage is the promotion of an ecologically sound method to forestry.

Macbeth :: essays research papers

The Influence of External Forces  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were many external forces that influenced Macbeth on making his major decision. The decision was whether or no to kill King Duncan. These forces were the apparitions, the old witches, and Lady Macbeth. The apparitions influenced Macbeth by making him think he was invincible. The witches influenced Macbeth by telling him that he was going to become king. Lady Macbeth also influenced him by emasculating him. Although these factors influenced Macbeth, it was still his choice to act upon this decision. Still, no matter how hard Macbeth tried, he could not avoid the influence of what others had to say.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first external force that influenced Macbeth was the apparitions. The apparitions influenced Macbeth by making him think he was invincible. The first apparition said, â€Å"Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff! Beware Thane of Fife, dismiss me; enough.†(act 4, scene 1, lines 71-73) This meant that Macbeth, had to watch out for Macduff, the Thane of Fife . The second apparition said, â€Å"Be bloody, bold, and resolute, Laugh to scorn the power of man, for none born of woman shall harm Macbeth.†( act 4, scene 1, lines 78-81) This meant that no man that was born out of the female birth canal could harm Macbeth. This statement contradicts the one statement made by the first apparition. Macbeth thought that since Macduff was human that he had to have been born through the birth canal. Macbeth did not know that Macduff was born by c-section, he was untimely ripped. The third apparition said, â€Å"Be lion-mettled, proud and take no care of who chafes, who frets, or where conspires are: Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him.†(Act 4, Scene 1, Lines 89-94) This means that Macbeth should be brave and proud. It also means that Macbeth will not be killed until the forest marches up to his castle. Macbeth thinks though that that was absurd. He never imagined the forest walking. The forest did walk though. It walked when Macduff and his associates camouflaged themselves with it, and attacked Macbeth’s castle. The apparitions made him feel like he could do anything. Then he decided to take out Duncan.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The witches also influenced Macbeth in killing King Duncan. They told Macbeth that he was going to become king. The first witch said, â€Å"All hail, Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane of Glamis.

Interpersonal Communication Case study Essay

#1.) After reviewing the information in this case study, you find that Parris’ husband, Lavar, was not listening when Parris first told him to pick their daughter up from school. Explain how Lavar and Parris should use effective empathic listening and responding skills to discuss this issue. I think that Parris should talk to Lavar and see why he is forgetting, they should talk it out and not get mad and yell, maybe Lavar is so swamped with work he has all his attention focused on work that he forgets. Likewise Parris works all the time and she does not forget so maybe Lavar isn’t really paying attention to Paris in what she is saying or he is generally forgetting what Parris is asking him to do. #2.) What are the five activities that make up the process of listening? Using the case study scenario, describe how Lavar might not have listened properly because he did not focus on one or more of five steps of the listening process. The five activities that make up the process of listening are: Selecting, Attending, Understanding, Remembering, and Responding. Lavar did not listen properly because he did not remember and probably wasn’t attending, his mind was probably elsewhere thinking about something else when Parris was talking to him. #3.) What are four common listening styles? Which listening style does Lavar employ? What about Parris? Can you foresee problems with a couple who have different listening styles? Why? 1) Relational-oriented 2) Critical-oriented 3) Analytical -oriented 4) Task-oriented. I think that Lavar employs the Task- oriented one the most because he seems to be interested in focusing more on accomplishing a task  than on focusing on the communication relationship when listening to others. Paris could be more a critical listener she seems to be good at evaluating information she hears, and is able to hone in on inconsistencies in what someone says. I think that there could end up being a lot of problems for these two if they do not figure out how to communicate and listen to each other properly. #4.) Using the specific examples from the case study, list and discuss at least three listening barriers that may cause conflict between Lavar and Parris. 1) Distractions: We get distracted by what is going on outside (our surroundings) and inside ourselves. 2) Attachment to personal beliefs and values: We tend to find facts and evidence that support our views and we dismiss anything that weakens them. 3) Misinterpretations: When we add an interpretation to what someone’s saying or doing, we introduce possible errors in communication. I think that for Lavar, his problem could be distraction. He is not really paying attention to what Parris has asked of him. #5.) Given the path you choose in the case study, do you believe Parris’ reactions will help Lavar and her overcome their listening differences or is she just masking the problem? What might she do differently to enhance their communication? I think that Parris is just masking the problem she is not really looking at why they are not communicating well enough she just thinks it is all on him, when it is not it is on both of them to be able to communicate effectively to each other. She can talk to Lavar and find out why he is not doing what she asks, is he ignoring her or is he not sure of what she wants because of bad communication?